Best active methodDirect connection (most accurate)
Reliable accuracy±150mm or ±15% of depth
Desktop recordsIndicative only — not exact
GPR limitationCannot ID utility type alone
EML limitationSignal bleed in congested areas
PRACTITIONER NOTE
In real-world practice, ~95% of detection is completed through EML. GPR's primary role is to verify EML results and detect non-metallic utilities that EML physically cannot see. EML is the workhorse — GPR is the safety net.